![]() ![]() Health care providers in various settings such as hospitals, clinics, and nursing homes can better screen for and communicate findings of patient urinary incontinence with one another to better facilitate patient care. As a result, a large number of patients with urinary incontinence are without treatment, having to tolerate suboptimal health and quality of life. The following physical exam components and findings should be assessed if appropriate: ĭespite being a highly prevalent condition, urinary incontinence is inadequately screened for by health care providers. Again, emergent conditions and reversible causes should be explored. The history should guide the practitioner toward an appropriate physical exam. Symptom severity is asked about to determine the aggressiveness of treatment. ![]() Potential adverse effects include impairment of cognition, alteration of bladder tone or sphincter function, inducement of cough, promotion of diuresis, etc. Patients should be asked about medication and substance use (e.g., diuretics, alcohol, caffeine), as they can either directly or indirectly contribute to incontinence. In addition, estrogen status should be determined as atrophic vaginitis and urethritis may contribute to reversible urinary incontinence during perimenopause. The surgical history should also be assessed as the involved anatomy and innervation may have been affected.įor females, a gynecologic history should be obtained to assess for the number of births, whether births were vaginal or by c-section, and whether or not they are currently pregnant. Patients should be asked about medical conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma (which can cause cough), heart failure (with related fluid overload and diuresis), neurologic conditions (which may suggest dysregulated bladder innervation), musculoskeletal conditions (which may contribute to toileting barriers), etc. The 3IQ predicts stress urinary incontinence with a specificity of up to 92%, but its utility may depend on the population studied. The 3 incontinence questions (3IQ) is a brief questionnaire that may be useful to distinguish among stress, urge, mixed urinary incontinence, and other causes. The estimated prevalence for the types of urinary incontinence are as follows: įunctional urinary incontinence – The history may suggest physical or cognitive impairment. In general, the prevalence of men is about half that of women. Increased risk is associated with prostate surgery. 11% to 34% of older men report urinary incontinence, with 2 to 11% reporting daily occurrences. Increased risk of urinary incontinence was associated with pregnancy, childbirth, diabetes, and increased body mass index. Daily urinary incontinence is reported by 9% to 39% of women over age 60. 7% to 37% of women ages 20 to 39 report some degree of urinary incontinence. Ģ4% to 45% of women report some degree of urinary incontinence. A random sampling of hospitalized elderly patients reports that 11% of patients have persistent urinary incontinence at admission, and 23% at discharge. Caregivers report that 53% of the homebound elderly are incontinent. ![]() The prevalence is 50% or greater among residents of nursing facilities. Īpproximately 13 million Americans experience urinary incontinence. ![]() It is estimated that around 423 million people (20 years and older) worldwide experience some form of urinary incontinence. Accurate prevalence data is difficult to obtain due to issues such as underreporting, use of differing definitions for urinary incontinence, and varying study designs. ![]()
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